Autonomous Haulage Systems in the Mining Industry: Cybersecurity, Communication and Safety Issues and Challenges

The current advancement of robotics, especially in Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), leads to a prominent combination between the mining industry and connected-embedded technologies. This progress has arisen form state-of-the-art automated giant vehicles with Autonomous Haulage (AHS) that can transport ore without human intervention. Like CPS, AHS enable autonomous and/or remote control physical systems (e.g., trucks). Thus, similar are also susceptible cyber attacks such as Wi-Fi De-Auth GPS attacks. With use AHS, several activities have been strengthened due increasing efficiency operations. Such require ensuring accurate data collection from which precise information about state mine should be generated timely consistent manner. Consequently, presence secure reliable communications is crucial making mines safer, productive, sustainable. paper aims identify discuss relation safety environment both cybersecurity communication well highlighting their challenges open issues. We survey literature addressed this aim its pros cons then highlight some conclude addressing issues ensure operations providing communication, will lead better safety. Additionally, it was found new technologies, 5G LTE, could adopted AHS-based for mining, but further research needed considered related